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The Vancouver system, also known as Vancouver reference style or the author-number system, is a citation style that specifies punctuation, casing of titles, and italics. It is popular in the physical sciences, and is one of two referencing systems normally used in medicine, the other being the author-date, or "Harvard", system. This style is used by MEDLINE and PubMed. Although in use since the nineteenth century, "Vancouver style" was formalized in the document ''Citing Medicine'' in 1978 by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. It was named because the first meeting of the group took place in Vancouver. More broadly, some citation styles other than ''Citing Medicine'' are given the name Vancouver if they follow the practice of numbering authors. The AMA reference style, which follows the same author number scheme but differs in italics and bracketing, is such an example. ==History== Author-number systems have existed for over a century and throughout that time have been one of the main types of citation style in scientific journals (the other being author-date). In 1978, a committee of editors from various medical journals, the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), met in Vancouver, BC, Canada to agree to a unified set of requirements for the articles of such journals. This meeting led to the establishment of the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals (URMs). Part of the URMs is the reference style, for which the ICMJE selected the long-established author-number principle. The URMs were developed 15 years before the World Wide Web debuted. During those years, they were published as articles or supplements in various ICMJE member journals. These included the 1991 BMJ publication, the 1995 ''CMAJ'' publication and the 1997 ''Annals of Internal Medicine'' publication. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, journals were asked to cite the 1997 ''JAMA'' version when reprinting the ''Uniform requirements''. In the early 2000s, with the Web having become a major force in academic life, the idea gradually took hold that the logical home for the latest edition of the URMs would be the ICMJE website itself (as opposed to whichever journal article or supplement had most recently published an update). For example, as of 2004, the editors of ''Haematologica'' decided simply to invite their authors to visit www.icmje.org for the 2003 revision of the ''Uniform requirements''. Since the early to mid-2000s, the United States National Library of Medicine (which runs MEDLINE and PubMed) has hosted the ICMJE's "Sample References" pages.〔(【引用サイトリンク】author = International Committee of Medical Journal Editors )〕 Around 2007, the NLM created ''Citing Medicine'', its style guide for citation style, as a new home for the style's details. The ICMJE Recommendations now point to ''Citing Medicine'' as the home for the formatting details of Vancouver style.〔 For example, in the December 2013 edition of the ICMJE Recommendations, the relevant paragraph is IV.A.3.g.ii. (''References > Style and Format'').〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Vancouver system」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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